cognitive map is a type of mental representation which serves an individual to acquire, code, store, recall, and decode information about the relative locations and attributes of phenomena in their everyday or metaphorical spatial environment. The concept was introduced by Edward Tolman in 1948 I have taken the topic Animal kingdom from +1 and health and disease from +2, Animals can be classified on the basis of their symmetry, presence or absence of coelem, segmentation, embryonic layersetc. They are classified into phylum cordata, hemicordata, echinodermats, Arthropoda, aschehelminthes, Platyhelminthes, ctenophora, cnidaria and porifera. Human beings come under phylum cordata, subphylum gnathostoma. Human health and disease is the second topic used for concept map preparation. Human health can be affected by variety of disease including infectious and non infectious. It is also determined by use of drugs, alcohol etc.
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